Tag Archives: Financial Crisis 2008

The Federal Reserve Bank is Naked: QE 10T Dollar ‘Loans’ Swaps and Naked Mortgage Bonds of Quantitative Easing 1

Posted on by Lan Pham   

More broadly there seems to be a confluence of events as the American public and its treasury are being plundered in parallel to once-sovereign countries of the Eurozone, bound together by debt and much of the over $1,000 trillion in derivatives (money that does not exist). All based on a quasi-private Federal Reserve monetary system that prints dollars (or euros) from nothing in exchange for savings earned and countries as collateral for the privilege of its debt. Smoke plumes rise in the Middle East. From my first post, Welcome to EconomicsVoodoo.com! (October 17, 2012)

The banking and financial crisis emerging in September 2008 is often called a global financial crisis, but to be more precise the data point to a crisis of the Western central banks. I referenced euros previously, so this is the euros companion to Quantitative Easing 0-1-2-3∞ & The Federal Reserve’s Love Affair with its Banks and Mortgage Bonds: Levitating The Black Hole. QE 0-1-2-3 is incomplete as concurrently the Federal Reserve Bank also entered into $10.06 Trillion in dollar ‘loans’ liquidity swaps with foreign central banks that we examine in Section I. Why QE $10T as we look at a few of Europe’s largest banks in Section II, which leads us to the $1.25 Trillion naked reasons behind the Federal Reserve Bank’s Quantitative Easing I purchase of phantom agency mortgage bonds  that we revisit more closely in Section III.

What the Federal Reserve Bank and its largest member banks, some European banks did with the $1.25 trillion Federal Reserve MBS purchase program in 2009 “QE 1” may leave some in disbelief. Consider an example from this MBS purchase program, the Federal Reserve gave a handful of banks $57.7 billion for a $600 million mortgage bond issued in 1980s . For a moment, recall that quantitative easing or ‘QE’ is the printing of dollars (or euros) in digital or paper form beyond the capacity to earn them through the production of goods and services. The banking and financial crisis in 2008 is often attributed to subprime mortgages, but it is not the mortgage loans per se, but the opaque $7 trillion or so mortgage derivative bonds (presumably containing mortgage loans) and $62 trillion in credit default swaps (CDS) ‘insurance’ derivatives built into the bonds and their insurers that make losses exponential.

I. Federal Reserve Bank & European Central Bank’s $8.01 Trillion Dollar-Euro Swaps

At the height of the crisis in the United States, the Federal Reserve Bank extended $8 trillion of the $10 trillion in dollar liquidity swaps to the European Central Bank through the Federal Reserve Bank’s creation of the Central Bank Liquidity Swap Lines [Data] as shown in the Voodoo Swaps Chart 1 below; swap agreements were with 14 foreign central banks. These dollar liquidity swaps in essence were loans, though not technically called loans, but merely a swap or an exchange of currencies between two central banks, neither central bank having $8.01 trillion U.S. dollars and about €6 trillion equivalent to do so.

In doing so, each central bank essentially helped the other to print dollars and euros. Another nearly $1 trillion in dollar swaps was with the Bank of England, equivalent to nearly half of the United Kingdom’s GDP.  The Federal Reserve printed dollars equivalent to 70% of U.S. GDP in 2008.

Banking & Financial Crisis 2008: Federal Reserve $8 trillion in dollar "loan" swaps with the European Central Bank

Voodoo Dollar-Euro Swaps Chart 1. Federal Reserve $8 Trillion in Dollar Liquidity “Loans” Swaps with the European Central Bank

TECHNICALLY, the Federal Reserve and the ECB did not swap $8.01 trillion dollars for euros at one time, as it would look somewhat problematic for the Federal Reserve Bank monetary system and the ECB because these trillions in dollars and euros do not exist. Continue reading →

Quantitative Easing 0-1-2-3∞ & The Federal Reserve’s Love Affair with its Banks and Mortgage Bonds: Levitating The Black Hole

Posted on by Lan Pham   

“A black hole is a region of spacetime where gravity prevents anything, including light, from escaping… Around a black hole there is a mathematically defined surface called an event horizon that marks the point of no return.”—Wikipedia

When Did QE Stop?

To much frenzied media coverage, the Federal Reserve Bank announced a third round of quantitative easing “QE 3∞“ on September 13, 2012. The Federal Reserve will essentially print unlimited quantities of dollars to purchase agency mortgage bonds and maintain nominal interest rates targeted at 0% (“ZIRP”) to keep borrowing costs reasonable for its member banks, among others.

“QE 3∞” in 2012 is the unlimited version of “QE 1” in 2009 following the banking and financial system crisis in September 2008. What does this mean?

QE is simply the printing of dollars in paper or digital form by the quasi-private Federal Reserve Bank, as the Federal Reserve does not have this money. In QE 1 (web), the Federal Reserve Bank printed $1.25 trillion to purchase agency mortgage-backed securities (MBSs). Agency MBSs are mortgage bonds (akin to a mutual fund filled with mortgages, peoples’ homes) issued and guaranteed or held by the quasi-private Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.

On a practical level this means the Federal Reserve Bank printed $1.25 trillion with a computer stroke and became the owner or recipient of homeowners’ mortgage payments.  The Federal Reserve will do this on an unlimited basis in QE 3 going forward, as it states ‘to foster maximum employment and price stability’.

What is it about the Federal Reserve Bank’s love affair with mortgage bonds that the media and the Federal Reserve will not speak of?

 I.  QE0: Insolvency of the Largest Banks in the Federal Reserve System

Let’s pause for a moment. The most significant QE was not even called QE. It was the suspension of the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (FASB) mark-to-market accounting rule 157 in April 2009. The rule required banks to value assets on their balance sheets at current market price or fair value, but since 2009, became what the banks hope it is worth or what they paid for it.

Doing so helps insolvent banks avoid the appearance of insolvency by not having to write-down the amount of losses on assets, such as mortgage bonds, assuming there is a willing buyer (There isn’t really). Private sector financing for the housing market through demand for private label MBSs, which are mortgage bonds backed by mostly subprime mortgages reincarnated as prime issued and sold by the largest banks, collapsed since fall 2008.

Let’s give this FASB suspension of mark-to-market accounting event a name, QE0 , to mark the point of no return in April 2009 about six months after the banking and financial collapse in September 2008.

Following the collapse, lawmakers in the U.S. House of Representatives lined up to threaten FASB in a series of hearings to suspend mark-to-market accounting, as Representative Michael E. Capuano (D-Mass.) warned FASB’s chairman in March 2009: “Do not make us tell you what you have to do.” (Transcript of the U.S. House of Representatives Mark-to-Market Hearing, March 12, 2009). The American Bankers Association, Citigroup, and the Bank of New York Mellon Corp., the world’s largest custodian of financial assets, also pressured for the rule change (web).

[On a side note:  MIT finance professor-CBO chief economist revised my memo to say that assets may already fully reflect market values. After I was fired I learned that MIT Professor Deborah Lucas called by the U.S. President to CBO in 2009 (web) has a CBO economist sit on FASB. This CBO economist and CBO Director Elmendorf are part of the Hamilton Project at the Brookings Institution. Robert Rubin is the project’s founder and Dr. Lawrence Summers, once chief advisor to the U.S. President, sits on its Advisory Council to promote economic growth and health care. Former Federal Reserve Bank Chairman Alan Greenspan, Robert Rubin, and Lawrence Summers were instrumental in the proliferation of derivatives in the late 1990s. ]

Let’s look at a few simple charts. What does QE0 FASB look like for the largest banks?

Voodoo Assets and Liabilities Chart 1:U.S. Commercial Banks Net Worth: Assets minus Liabilities - Can you spot the banking and financial crisis?

From Voodoo Chart 1, was there a banking and financial crisis in 2008 that froze global markets? From the crisis in fall 2008 to 2009, there is no change between assets and liabilities! No change, for what has been considered the worst banking and financial crisis in a century (a few?). Continue reading →